Where Science Uses PSL Measurement Technology
Scientific Publications with PSL Instruments
PSL measuring instruments are used in scientific and industrial studies on flow assurance. The following selection lists publications in which PSL instruments are used, depicted, or mentioned.
Waxes & Paraffins
Understanding Deposits and Evaluating Inhibitors
Risk Assessment of Asphaltene–Resin–Paraffin Deposition During Reservoir Cooling in the XIII Horizon of the Uzen Oil Field
Authors: Aliya Togasheva, Ryskol Bayamirova, Danabek Saduakassov, Akshyryn Zholbasarova, Nurzhaina Nurlybai, Yeldos Nugumarov
Source: MDPI and ACS Style, Section Chemical, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2026
Abstract:
The study investigates the risk of wax and paraffin deposits during the cooling of crude oil under reservoir-like conditions. Using the PSL Wax Flow Loop, the wax appearance temperature and the progression of paraffin crystallization are determined under controlled pressure, temperature, and flow conditions.
Used PSL-Instrument
Publication
Development of a new low freeze point, high activity, high flash-point paraffin inhibitor
Author: Heather Blackwood
Source: Paper bei Chemistry in Oil Industry, 2023
Abstract:
The publication mentions the PSL Pour Point Tester in connection with the development of low-pour-point fluid systems.
Used PSL Instrument
Systematic Study of Temperature and Different Types of Mixing in Paraffin Deposition Test Methods​
Authors: Lilian Padula, Saugata Gon, Christopher Russell, Emily Pohl, Ian Littlehales, Andrew Neilson
Source: ACS Publications, 2020
Abstract:
In the scientific investigation, the Coaxial Shear Cold Finger is used to analyze wax deposits.
Study and analysis of cold finger tests for effective selection of paraffin inhibitors​
Authors: Abhishek Golchha, Paul Stead
Source: NACE International, Corrosion 2015 Conference & Expo, 2021
Abstract:
The study combines cold-finger tests with high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) to analyze paraffin deposits by carbon chain. This allows for a more nuanced assessment of the effectiveness of paraffin inhibitors and enables them to be tailored more precisely to problematic wax fractions.
Asphaltene
Analyzing precipitation and deposition behavior
Enhanced Evaluation of Asphaltene-related Oil Properties to Facilitate Production in Complex Offshore Environment
Authors: Karsten Karl Krueckert, Patricia Seibold
Source: Wintershall, Petroleum Services, 2018
Abstract:
The study investigates the stability and deposition of asphaltenes in an offshore crude oil. The PSL Flocculation Tester is used to analyze the behavior of the asphaltenes and evaluate the effectiveness of various inhibitors and dispersants.
Gas Hydrates
Investigating Formation, Behavior, and Inhibition
Nucleation Rates of CO2 Hydrates from Rocking Cell Apparatus
Authors: Tariq et al.
Source: Available at SSRN 5731047; 2025
Abstract:
The study investigates the nucleation of COâ‚‚ hydrates at different cooling rates. Numerous parallel experiments are conducted using the PSL Rocking Cell RC5 to statistically determine nucleation temperatures, supercooling, and the resulting nucleation rates.
Kinetic Hydrate Inhibition with Poly(N‑isopropyl methacrylamide) and Triisopentylamine Oxide Blends−Evidence for First Amine Oxide Mixed Clathrate Hydrate
Authors: Malcolm A. Kelland; Janronel Pomicpic
Source: energy & fuels, vol 39, issue 24, 2025
Abstract:
The study investigates the effectiveness of kinetic hydrate inhibitors based on poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide). Using the PSL Rocking Cell RC5, hydrate formation and growth are tested under high-pressure conditions, and different inhibitor concentrations are compared.
Dataset for the new insights into methane hydrate inhibition with blends of vinyl lactam polymer and methanol, monoethylene glycol, or diethylene glycol as hybrid inhibitors
Authors: Anton P. Semenov et al.
Source: Data in Brief at ScienceDirect, 2023
Abstract:
The study investigates equilibrium conditions as well as the formation and growth of methane hydrates under the influence of thermodynamic and kinetic inhibitors. The GHA350 is used to determine hydrate equilibria, while the RCS6 is used for rocking-cell tests to investigate hydrate nucleation and growth.
Analysis of the Techniques for Measuring the Equilibrium Conditions of Gas Hydrates Formation
Authors: A. P. Semenov, R. I. Mendgaziev, T. B. Tulegenov & A. S. Stoporev
Source: Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 2022
Abstract:
The study compares various methods for determining the equilibrium conditions during gas hydrate formation. The GHA350 Gas Hydrate Autoclave and the RCS6 Rocking Cell are used to investigate the influence of heating rate, mixing, and experimental procedure on measurement accuracy.
Approaches to the Selection of Effective Inhibitors of Gas HydrateFormation
Authors: Muhameigalimovna et al.
Source: SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference, 2019
Abstract:
The study evaluates thermodynamic and kinetic inhibitors to prevent gas hydrate formation under conditions as close to field conditions as possible. The GHA350 is used to investigate thermodynamic inhibitors, while the RCS6 Rocking Cells are used to evaluate kinetic inhibitors through controlled cooling experiments.