{"id":12108,"date":"2023-02-10T15:25:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-10T14:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pslsystemtechnik.com\/flow-assurance\/"},"modified":"2025-04-24T15:20:53","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T13:20:53","slug":"flow-assurance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/","title":{"rendered":"Flow Assurance"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"12108\" class=\"elementor elementor-12108 elementor-11792\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a310e68 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a310e68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33258d34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33258d34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Expert Knowledge<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e42603d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e42603d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Flow Assurance<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f34f1f3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f34f1f3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d2ea1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d2ea1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Flow Assurance: Ensuring the smooth transportation of oil and gas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d13cf4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d13cf4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25eae97 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25eae97\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2870791 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2870791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Definition of flow assurance<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7eeda8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7eeda8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ince the beginning of the 1990s the term &#8220;Flow Assurance&#8221; is used to designate the assurance of oil and gas transport in pipelines. It covers the fields from subterranean or subsea deposits over the drill hole up to the preparation and processing in refineries. These fields comprise versatile tasks and areas of special knowledge.<\/p>\n<p>The newer term &#8220;Flow Management&#8221; is used parallel with &#8220;Flow Assurance&#8221;.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-793e822 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"793e822\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f4bb1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8f4bb1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/versagen-von-flow-assurance-rmhanacdbdlumppb0avr9va0tv2uqglbzunvyz9owq.webp\" title=\"Failure of flow assurance\" alt=\"When flow assurance fails\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">When flow assurance fails<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd21064 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fd21064\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88d3107 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"88d3107\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d824cb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d824cb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diverse challenges in flow assurance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d49e96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d49e96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Crude oil consists of more than 1000 different components<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85cef37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85cef37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Crude oil is a very complex mix of several thousand different hydrocarbons comprising variable amounts of heteroatoms like sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen as well as diverse metalorganic compounds. From soluted gases (hydrocarbons gaseous under standard conditions = atmospheric pressure and room temperature) to heavy substances like resins and asphaltenes it comprises many different fractions, which can be sorted and separated by their different physicochemical properties.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa1eb8d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fa1eb8d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e66c441 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e66c441\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Composition differs from deposit to deposit<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7aa7711 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7aa7711\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>From deposit to deposit large differences in the composition of crude oil can be observed. The variety of conveyable oils spans from straw-coloured, low viscosity oils to deeply black, heavy oils. This can lead to different viscosities, densities and phase behavior, which influence the flow in the pipeline.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed8c65b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ed8c65b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bf3a73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5bf3a73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Impurities in crude oil and petroleum gas<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8df5107 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8df5107\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Crude oil and petroleum gas can not always be conveyed as pure oil or gas. Oil and gas can be mixed with water and oil can be mixed with gas enclosed in the deposit. This multi-phase mix can cause severe problems in transportation and processing.<\/p>\n<p>You can differ between two- and three-phase mixes. Three-phase mixes are more common in oil production than two-phase mixes.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a203a68 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"a203a68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"mdi mdi-square-outline\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">2-phase mixes: Crude oil and petroleum gas, crude oil and water or petroleum gas and water<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"mdi mdi-square-outline\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">3-phase mixes: Crude oil, petroleum gas and water<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6d836e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6d836e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75fbe43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"75fbe43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Changing ambient conditions during conveyance<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d108b4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d108b4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enclosed in the deposit with pressures of more than 1000 bar and temperatures of more than 100\u00b0C every oil is fluid and pourable. But on the way from the deposit to the surface the pressure and temperature decrease with every foot, which facilitates the formation of different precipitations. \u00a0 Already before reaching the drill hole first inhibitors (chemical agents inhibiting formation of precipitations) have to be added. Crude oil and petroleum gas adapt to the new ambient temperature at latest in the pipeline to the first processing station.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-189547b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"189547b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8b0eaa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b8b0eaa\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ac1ba9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ac1ba9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The consequences of oil and gas extraction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bafde49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bafde49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The situations described above provide the need for flow assurance each on its own and in their complex combination variations. The problems caused by described situations comprise a variety of precipitation forms like asphaltenes, wax, scale, gas hydrates and other\u00a0particles in pipelines and processing\u00a0plants. Furthermore, for example corrosion can occur or the\u00a0optimal adjustment of pressure and\u00a0temperature conditions during transport is difficult.<\/p>\n<p>Precipitations decrease the\u00a0flow rate by narrowing the pipeline diameter and can in worst case plug whole pipeline segments. This precipitations can only be removed\u00a0with high efforts either physically (heating or shock pressure) or chemically (solvents). The costs and production downtime for these measures are very high.<\/p>\n<p>To prevent or slow down the formation of precipitations inhibitors and additives have to be used to improve the flow properties.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0565d88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0565d88\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7543bc8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7543bc8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2270c2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2270c2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The solution: Developing and testing inhibitors and additives<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebae017 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ebae017\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As the different additives for improving flow properties and additives for influencing general properties interact, thereby changing their effects. Aside from the development of new additives these interactions are an area of research.<br \/>Manufacturers of chemicals and service providers in the area of flow assurance have to test their products under as realistic conditions as possible, with reliable and reproducible results. As a wide range of chemicals has to be tested under a variety of ambient conditions and with versatile methods, the measuring instruments have to be specially developed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10a8f034 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10a8f034\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c57b5cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c57b5cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e857ea3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4e857ea3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/information-image.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"Icon f\u00fcr PSL information\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69ccb3e2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"69ccb3e2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67aac736 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"67aac736\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Do you need any further information<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b17df3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b17df3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We are looking forward to your questions.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d6f2490 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6d6f2490\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact Us<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbd77a5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fbd77a5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23df80a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"23df80a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84ef057 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"84ef057\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Overview of the most common deposits in oil and gas production<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9c4bb0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a9c4bb0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e339413 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e339413\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-095334b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"095334b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asphaltene<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06aa946 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06aa946\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asphaltenes are poorly soluble components in crude oil that can precipitate when pressure or temperature changes. They are very difficult to remove once they have precipitated. Pressure and temperature conditions in particular influence <a href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/asphaltene-and-flocculation\/\">precipitation (flocculation)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/products\/flocculation-tester\/\">Flocculation Tester FT5<\/a> makes it possible to test inhibitors under reservoir conditions on live oil with changes in the physical conditions corresponding to production or to test the compatibility of different oils.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e3d118 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e3d118\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a60825f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a60825f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"767\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/asphaltene_deposition.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-11869\" alt=\"Precipitated Asphaltene\" srcset=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/asphaltene_deposition.webp 767w, https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/asphaltene_deposition-300x235.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Precipitated Asphaltene<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf549b8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bf549b8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5329dcb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5329dcb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b48a372 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b48a372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"741\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/wax-plug.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-11871\" alt=\"Wax Deposits\" srcset=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/wax-plug.webp 741w, https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/wax-plug-300x243.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 741px) 100vw, 741px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Wax Deposits<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1318b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1318b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7db91fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7db91fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wax<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7483c43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7483c43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Longer-chain hydrocarbons in the oil have a very high solidification point and can adhere to surfaces in a similar way to scale. The <a href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/wax-appearance-temperature-wat\/\">wax appearance temperature (WAT)<\/a> is a limit temperature to be determined below which solid waxes can occur in the oil. Soft waxes are easily sheared off in the flowing medium and form easily removable deposits, harder waxes resist even higher shear rates and are difficult to remove.<\/p>\n<p>The conditions for the occurrence and behavior of the wax layer and the effectiveness of inhibitors can be investigated using a <a href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/products\/wax-flow-loop\/\">wax flow loop<\/a>. The simulation of scalable factors such as shear rates, flow velocities and temperature changes is of great importance.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edf029e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"edf029e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c9bbe6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8c9bbe6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7c63f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7c63f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pour Point<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dbcfd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dbcfd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/pour-point\/\">pour point<\/a> is the temperature at which a liquid becomes so solid that it can no longer be pumped. This occurs in oils due to the three-dimensional cross-linking of the solidifying higher-molecular <a href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/wax-and-paraffine-in-crude-oil\/\">components of the crude oil (wax\/paraffin)<\/a>. Several different standards are used to check the pour point, each of which has different accuracies and some of which are not suitable for all oil samples.<\/p>\n<p>Pour point depressants (PPD) are used to reduce the solidification temperature by delaying or preventing crystal growth. The highest possible accuracy and repeatability is required from the corresponding measuring devices. The <a href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/products\/pour-point-tester\/\">Pour Point Tester<\/a> can be used to achieve precisely this in a wide temperature range. A finer dosage in the field with corresponding savings and the more targeted development \/ further development of PPDs is thus possible.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ca78f8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ca78f8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c279efa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c279efa\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4057ce2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4057ce2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b217a46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b217a46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"522\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Scale-in-Pipeline-freigestellt.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-12059\" alt=\"Scale Deposits in Pipes\" srcset=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Scale-in-Pipeline-freigestellt.png 522w, https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Scale-in-Pipeline-freigestellt-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Scale Deposits<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b4d42f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b4d42f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b94406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b94406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scale<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20799f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20799f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In oil production technology, the term <a href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/salt-deposits\/\"><strong>scale<\/strong><\/a> covers all inorganic mineral deposits such as lime or salt deposits. It mostly contains carbonates and sulphates of the alkaline earth metals calcium, strontium and barium.<\/p>\n<p>If scale precipitates during the production of oil or gas and settles on the pipeline walls, in production equipment or already in the formation, this scale reduces the possible production volume. Removing it is usually time-consuming and expensive. Inhibitors are added to inhibit or stop the process in order to prevent deposits. Although \u201ca lot helps a lot\u201d usually applies, this principle is too expensive when it comes to dosing, so that a concentration is desired that prevents scale formation without being overdosed.<\/p>\n<p>These tests can be carried out with a <a href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/products\/dynamic-scale-loop\/\">Differential Scale Loop DSL<\/a>, whereby the concentration can be automatically reduced to failure under variably adjustable conditions. This provides valuable information for both the field engineer and the developer and enables comparisons of different chemicals.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce9d360 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ce9d360\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81e8f63 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"81e8f63\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c64c960 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c64c960\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gas hydrates<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5eeade elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5eeade\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhen transporting water with crude oil and natural gas, <a href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/gas-hydrates\/\">gas hydrates<\/a> can form under certain pressure and temperature conditions. These ice-like structures trap gas in water molecule cages and can block pipelines or prevent them from restarting.<br><br>There are several approaches to prevent this: <strong>Thermodynamic inhibitors (THI)<\/strong> prevent hydrate formation, but require high quantities. <strong>Kinetic inhibitors (KHI)<\/strong> slow down the formation, while <strong>anti-agglomerants (AA)<\/strong> prevent the hydrates from clumping together to form a pumpable mass. KHIs and AAs are referred to as <strong>low-dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHI)<\/strong>.<br><br>Studies are carried out in pressure chambers (autoclaves) or with rocking cells that simulate turbulent pipeline conditions. A transparent cell such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/products\/rocking-cell-gas-hydrate\/sapphire-rocking-cell-rcs\/\">Sappire Rocking Cell RCS<\/a> enables direct observation of the hydrate structure and evaluation of the inhibitors. Interactions between different inhibitors can thus be analyzed.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da34f1f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"da34f1f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44eb16a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"44eb16a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/burning-methane-hydrate-300x200.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-11879\" alt=\"artificial gas hydrates\" srcset=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/burning-methane-hydrate-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/burning-methane-hydrate-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/burning-methane-hydrate.webp 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">artificial gas hydrates<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e745278 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7e745278\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e9255d6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e9255d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41f89f4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"41f89f4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/newsletter-image2.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"Icon f\u00fcr PSL Newsletter\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77152cce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"77152cce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3597014a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3597014a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Have you heard about our newsletter?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-502abee7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"502abee7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Don\u2019t miss any more PSL news and secure exclusive benefits!<br \/>We provide you with important updates.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b3ab8f elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8b3ab8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/worry-free-service\/newsletter-registration\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Subscribe to Newsletter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Expert Knowledge Flow Assurance Flow Assurance: Ensuring the smooth transportation of oil and gas Definition of flow assurance ince the beginning of the 1990s the term &#8220;Flow Assurance&#8221; is used to designate the assurance of oil and gas transport in pipelines. It covers the fields from subterranean or subsea deposits&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11802,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[101,105,103,108,109],"class_list":["post-12108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psl-wiki-en","tag-asphaltene-en","tag-gas-hydrates","tag-oil","tag-scale-en","tag-wax"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Flow Assurance &#187; PSL Systemtechnik<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Flow assurance in oil pipelines is a complex technical challenge. Find out about the solutions here!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Flow Assurance &#187; PSL Systemtechnik\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Flow assurance in oil pipelines is a complex technical challenge. Find out about the solutions here!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PSL Systemtechnik\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PSL.Systemtechnik\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-10T14:25:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-24T13:20:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/versagen-von-flow-assurance.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"558\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Soweb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Soweb\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/flow-assurance\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/flow-assurance\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Soweb\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/477ebcf72a5579cad7871fd382c18c58\"},\"headline\":\"Flow Assurance\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-10T14:25:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-24T13:20:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/flow-assurance\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1316,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/flow-assurance\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/versagen-von-flow-assurance.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"Asphaltene\",\"Gas Hydrates\",\"Oil\",\"Scale\",\"Wax\"],\"articleSection\":[\"PSL Wiki\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/flow-assurance\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/flow-assurance\\\/\",\"name\":\"Flow Assurance &#187; PSL Systemtechnik\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/flow-assurance\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/flow-assurance\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/versagen-von-flow-assurance.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-10T14:25:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-24T13:20:53+00:00\",\"description\":\"Flow assurance in oil pipelines is a complex technical challenge. Find out about the solutions here!\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/flow-assurance\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/flow-assurance\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/flow-assurance\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/versagen-von-flow-assurance.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/versagen-von-flow-assurance.webp\",\"width\":800,\"height\":558,\"caption\":\"When flow assurance fails\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/flow-assurance\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Flow Assurance\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"PSL Systemtechnik GmbH\",\"description\":\"Lab Instruments for Oil and Gas\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"PSL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"PSL Systemtechnik GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/cropped-psl-systemtechnik-logo-mit-claim-web.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/cropped-psl-systemtechnik-logo-mit-claim-web.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":303,\"caption\":\"PSL Systemtechnik GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/PSL.Systemtechnik\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/psl-systemtechnik-gmbh\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/psl-systemtechnik.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/477ebcf72a5579cad7871fd382c18c58\",\"name\":\"Soweb\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/32ad115a6c6f7c1b535af8bca5eb5be5e15c6115c24ef7083964c4182de483f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/32ad115a6c6f7c1b535af8bca5eb5be5e15c6115c24ef7083964c4182de483f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/32ad115a6c6f7c1b535af8bca5eb5be5e15c6115c24ef7083964c4182de483f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Soweb\"},\"description\":\"Ich unterst\u00fctze mittelst\u00e4ndische Industrieunternehmen und technische Dienstleister bei Positionierung, Content Strategie &amp; Entwicklung, SEO und Lead Generierung.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/soweb-media.de\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/olivia-sothmann\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Flow Assurance &#187; PSL Systemtechnik","description":"Flow assurance in oil pipelines is a complex technical challenge. Find out about the solutions here!","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Flow Assurance &#187; PSL Systemtechnik","og_description":"Flow assurance in oil pipelines is a complex technical challenge. Find out about the solutions here!","og_url":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/","og_site_name":"PSL Systemtechnik","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PSL.Systemtechnik","article_published_time":"2023-02-10T14:25:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-04-24T13:20:53+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":558,"url":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/versagen-von-flow-assurance.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"Soweb","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Soweb","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/"},"author":{"name":"Soweb","@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/477ebcf72a5579cad7871fd382c18c58"},"headline":"Flow Assurance","datePublished":"2023-02-10T14:25:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-24T13:20:53+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/"},"wordCount":1316,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/versagen-von-flow-assurance.webp","keywords":["Asphaltene","Gas Hydrates","Oil","Scale","Wax"],"articleSection":["PSL Wiki"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/","url":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/","name":"Flow Assurance &#187; PSL Systemtechnik","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/versagen-von-flow-assurance.webp","datePublished":"2023-02-10T14:25:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-24T13:20:53+00:00","description":"Flow assurance in oil pipelines is a complex technical challenge. Find out about the solutions here!","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/versagen-von-flow-assurance.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/versagen-von-flow-assurance.webp","width":800,"height":558,"caption":"When flow assurance fails"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/flow-assurance\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Flow Assurance"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/","name":"PSL Systemtechnik GmbH","description":"Lab Instruments for Oil and Gas","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"PSL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/#organization","name":"PSL Systemtechnik GmbH","url":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cropped-psl-systemtechnik-logo-mit-claim-web.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cropped-psl-systemtechnik-logo-mit-claim-web.png","width":1000,"height":303,"caption":"PSL Systemtechnik GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PSL.Systemtechnik","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/psl-systemtechnik-gmbh\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/477ebcf72a5579cad7871fd382c18c58","name":"Soweb","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/32ad115a6c6f7c1b535af8bca5eb5be5e15c6115c24ef7083964c4182de483f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/32ad115a6c6f7c1b535af8bca5eb5be5e15c6115c24ef7083964c4182de483f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/32ad115a6c6f7c1b535af8bca5eb5be5e15c6115c24ef7083964c4182de483f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Soweb"},"description":"Ich unterst\u00fctze mittelst\u00e4ndische Industrieunternehmen und technische Dienstleister bei Positionierung, Content Strategie &amp; Entwicklung, SEO und Lead Generierung.","sameAs":["https:\/\/soweb-media.de\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/olivia-sothmann\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12108"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12108\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11802"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/psl-systemtechnik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}